Your instance won’t start fetching any posts from a community, until someone from your instance subscribes to it. Then it will fetch the last 25 posts (I think) and then all future posts.
It’s correct they don’t federate with anyone else directly, but it is possible for another instance to follow channels on tilvids and have them show up as viewable content on the other instance.
You can try and fetch an earlier post manually and see if that works.